Thursday, November 20th, 2008
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Topic of the week: How to keep children from obsessing over their appearance

By Mara Levy Published: 2007-12-10 19:54
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By Erin Donnelly
Published: Tuesday, January 1, 2008 - 19:47

One only need tune into an episode of "Are You Smarter Than a Fifth Grader?" to feel dumber than a box of hair. Somehow you're able to remember the intricate plotlines of "Days of Our Lives," yet struggle to remember the capital of Nevada, the name of the person you're chatting to, and where on earth you put your car keys.

But it's not too late to be a little less Jessica Simpson and a little more Albert Einstein. If you want to sharpen your mental faculties, speed up your thinking, and increase the power of your brain, give these brain games, drugs, and lifestyle tips a try. And remember: smart is the new black.

15. Get it on.

If you want to get your lover in the mood, dim the lights, crank up the Sade, and leave a copy of "Teach Yourself: Training Your Brain" on the bedside table. Co-authors Simon Wooten and Terry Horne assert that sexual intercourse stimulates chemical reactions in the brain, helping it to function more effectively.

In related news, Jenna Jameson has just been made a member of MENSA.

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14. Order the fish.


Pass the salmon! Scientists love to extol the virtues of a diet heavy on Omega-3 fatty acids, which can be found in salmon, herring, cod, walnuts, kiwifruit, fish oil, flaxseed oil, and some eggs. A shortage of Omega-3 fatty acids has been linked to mental disorders, depression, Alzheimer's, and memory loss.

"There's a reason why fish is known as brain food," says Earl Mindell's Supplement Bible. "It is a rich source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fatty acid that is found in high concentration in the gray matter of the brain. DHA is instrumental in the function of brain cell membranes, which are important for the transmission of brain signals."

Surely that's enough enticement to skip the steak and dig into the flounder (or a creamy flaxseed oil smoothie, at least)?

13. Sober up.


Anyone who's gone to bed with a young Paul Newman look-alike, only to wake up next to someone who looks more like Paul Giamatti, can tell you that alcohol impairs your thinking. In addition to immediate mind-numbing effects like slurred speech, poor hand/eye coordination, and memory lapses, alcohol use builds up over time to create what the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services calls "brain deficits." These include brain damage, and a disruption in the growth of new brain cells.

Bartender, make me a...club soda.
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12. Hit the gym.

There's just no way of getting around it: Exercise is important! And while you may think you have better things to do (or watch) than to haul your booty onto the treadmill, the positive effect workouts have on the brain should have you hunting for your Nikes. Exercise leads to higher levels of the BDNF brain chemical, which helps strengthen and build neurons.

Chiff.com cites a University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign study to illustrate how exercise can boost memory and problem-solving skills in older individuals. By studying 55 people over the age of 55, researchers determined that those with the most physically fit bodies showed less age-related brain shrinking.

"It is fitness as it interacts with age that has the positive effects," said head researcher Arthur F. Kramer. "Older adults show a real decline in brain density in white and gray areas, but fitness actually slows that decline."

As Newsweek notes, a recent study showed that regular exercise (in this case, a hour a day, four days a week for three months) revealed what appeared to be the growth of new neurons on the subjects' brain scans.

11. Ditch Debbie Downer.

Here's another tip from "Teach Yourself: Training Your Brain": lose the party pooper friends.

"Mix with people who make you laugh, have a good sense of humor, or who share the same interests as you, and avoid people who whine and complain, as people who are negative will make you depressed, which means you won't achieve things," says co-author Terry Horne.

By contrast, surrounding yourself with positive influences raises the level of serotonin in the brain, putting you in more optimistic spirits.

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10. Butt out.


We've already told you about how smoking can shorten the penis. But if that isn't reason enough to quit smoking, try this: Smoking can contribute to memory loss.

According to the good folks at Harvard, smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to recall names and faces.

"No one knows whether smoking directly impairs memory or is merely associated with memory loss because it causes illnesses that contribute to memory loss," the Harvard report says. "Smoking is especially common among people who are depressed, and depression weakens the memory. In addition, smoking increases the risk for stroke and hypertension, two other causes of memory impairment.

"Smoking can interfere with memory in other ways, too. For one thing, it damages the lungs, and good lung function is one of the characteristics of people whose memories stay strong in old age. In addition, smoking constricts the blood vessels to the brain, depriving it of oxygen and possibly harming neurons."

Ironically, nicotine itself does help people focus, which aids in retrieving memories; it's the side effects of smoking that does the damage. As such, Newsweek is reporting that scientists are currently developing a memory-boosting compound that would trigger nicotine receptors in the brain. Though the drug is still in the early testing phases, a recent trial on 80 Alzheimer's patients showed improved long-term memory, working memory, and cognitive processing speed after eight weeks of taking the pill.

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9. To Starbucks or not to Starbucks.


You may feel like you can't function until you've had your morning latte, but scientists are still somewhat divided on the impact of caffeine on the brain. While "Teach Yourself: Training the Brain" advises against drinking coffee (though herbal tea gets the go-ahead), caffeine has been shown to be beneficial against memory loss.

A study conducted at the University of Birmingham in 2006 found that caffeine stimulates nerve cell activity in the brain, which protects against memory loss.

"Some people can't get started without a cup of coffee; others need a shot of Red Bull to keep going," lead researcher Dr. Martin Vreugdenhil said. "Research has shown that it increases alertness, cortical activity and speeds up information processing."

However, the study did note that an excess of caffeine can reduce any positive effects.

"Sleep problems and effects on the heart and blood system caused by caffeine are a good reason to go for decaf and for scientists to attempt to separate the beneficial effects from the side effects," Dr. Vreugdenhil says.

Getting your caffeine from green tea may be the healthiest approach to a better brain.

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8. Go to sleep.


You've heard of beauty sleep - but brain sleep? Sure enough, getting a good night's sleep can help keep the mind alert and sharp. Though studies have shown that the sleep-deprived brains show a flurry of activity, they are actually trying to compensate for the lack of sleep, with less effective results. In other words, sleepy brains do more work and but get less pay-off.

"Sleep deprivation is bad for your brain when you are trying to do high-level [thinking] tasks," sleep researcher J. Christian Gillin, MD, told WebMD. "It may have serious consequences both on performance and on the way your brain functions."
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7. Use it or lose it.


Doing the odd crossword or Soduko puzzle helps the mind stay sharp, but there's more people can do to maintain their "mental exercise regimens." PositScience.com has created the Brain Fitness computer program to "help people think faster, focus better, and remember more." The program incorporates matching games, sound replays, memory-boosting stories, and the like to keep users on top of their mental game, and the results have been impressive.

A study analyzed 524 adults (aged 65 and over) who used Brain Fitness 2.0 for an hour a day for eight weeks; the subjects' memory tests showed significant improvement.

"The gains were equivalent to turning back the clock 10 years," says lead investigator Elizabeth Zelinski of the University of Southern California.
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6. Bring on the chocolate.


Next time you find yourself gobbling a candy bar, just tell yourself that you're making yourself smarter. Because it contains stimulants like theobromine, caffeine, and phenethylamine - which boost alertness - chocolate has been deemed good for the brain. Hoorah!

A 2006 study conducted by Dr. Bryan Raudenbush at West Virginia's Wheeling Jesuit University measured the effects of milk chocolate, dark chocolate, and carob on the brain. Following the chocolatey consumption, test subjects performed a series of computer-based tests that challenged the memory, attention span, problem solving, and other brain functions. A control group ate nothing before doing the tests.

"Composite scores for verbal and visual memory were significantly higher for milk chocolate than the other conditions," Dr Raudenbush said.

Eating milk and dark chocolate also revealed a heightened impulse control and faster reaction time.

Now break me off a piece of that Kit Kat bar.

5. Learn something new.


Turns out you can teach an old dog new tricks. Picking up a new skill - whether it be an instrument, a foreign language, or the dance steps to "Soulja Boy" - can keep the mind sharp because it presents the brain with a new challenge. Traveling and experiencing new things can also reinvigorate the mind.

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4. Just say "yes" to drugs.

Calm down, Nancy Reagan. We're not talking about weed or heroin here. This is all about drugs and medications that are designed to keep users alert, focused, and at the top of their game.

Pharmaceutical drugs like Ritalin, Adderall, Provigil, Inderal, and Aricept, though originally developed to treat everything from attention deficit disorder to heart ailments to Alzheimer's, are now be used as cognitive-enhancing medication. That is, until "real" brain drugs leap onto the market.

"Whatever company comes out with the first memory pill is going to put Viagra to shame," University of Pennsylvania bioethicist Paul Root Wolpe tells The Chicago Tribune.

Those pills, however, may be years away from development. In the meantime, ADD treatments help patients focus by triggering the release of dopamine in the brain, while a beta blocker like Inderal has a calming effect because it blocks adrenaline receptors in the brain.

Those looking to keep their mind as sharp as a tack can also look to multivitamins, or take ginkgo supplements.

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3. Meditate.

Can you "om" your way to a better brain?

Apparently so. Research on monks has revealed intense areas of brain activity, which suggests that a lifestyle involving lengthy periods of meditation can enhance the brain's capability.

"What we found is that the longtime practitioners showed brain activation on a scale we have never seen before," said Richard Davidson, a neuroscientist at the university's new $10 million W.M. Keck Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging and Behavior, in an interview with the Washington Post. "Their mental practice is having an effect on the brain in the same way golf or tennis practice will enhance performance."

While testing the brain waves of monks compared to those who were new to mediation, Davidson and his team of researchers asked all subjects to meditate. Though the newbies showed a slight increase in gamma wave activity while meditating, it was the seasoned monks whose numbers spiked the most. Davidson claims that some monks had gamma wave activity that was higher than any reported on a healthy person.
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2. Lose weight.

Obesity isn't just bad for your health - it's bad for your brain, too. According to Smart-Kit.com, a study published in Neurology found that obese subjects (i.e., those with a body mass index greater than 25) scored poorly on cognitive tests measuring learning and memory ability; 2223 men and women between the ages of 32 and 62 participated in the study.

Smart-Kit also notes that children who reach obesity by age 4 are also more likely to have lower IQ scores.

1. Fire up the PlayStation.

While video games are often associated with brain-fired slackers, researchers have found that playing video games - whether it's Tetris, The Sims, or Grand Theft Auto - can have a positive effect on the brain. Games can stimulate brain functions like pattern recognition, system thinking, and patience, resulting in a sharpened attention span and faster information processing.

"Basically, how we think is through running perceptual simulations in our heads that prepare us for the actions we're going to take," Professor James Gee told Discover. "By modeling those simulations, video games externalize how the mind works."

While researchers say any game that players find challenging - but not overwhelmingly so - will boost mental dexterity, the video game market has recently been flooded with "train your brain" games. Try swapping Mario and Luigi for these mind teasers:

Nintendo Big Brain Academy: Wii Degree

Sega Crush
Nintendo DS Ultimate Brain Games
Nintendo DS Mind Quiz - Your Brain Coach